The bunkers of Albania are a ubiquitous sight in the country, with an average of 5.7 bunkers for every square kilometre. The bunkers were built during the communist government of Enver Hoxha from the 1960s to the 1980s; by 1983 a total of 173,371 concrete bunkers had been constructed around the country according to papers released in 2014.

National Bunkerization

Hoxha's program of "bunkerization" (bunkerizimi) resulted in the construction of bunkers in every corner of the then People's Socialist Republic of Albania, ranging from mountain passes to city streets. They were never used for their intended purpose during the years that Hoxha governed. The cost of constructing them was a drain on Albania's resources, diverting them away from more pressing needs, such as dealing with the country's housing shortage and poor roads.

Post-Communism

The bunkers were abandoned following the collapse of communism in 1990. Most are now derelict, though some have been reused for a variety of purposes including residential accommodation, cafés, storehouses, and shelters for animals or the homeless. A few briefly saw use in the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s.

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SELECT `Architecture`.`id`, `Architecture`.`user_id`, `Architecture`.`old_id`, `Architecture`.`old_architect_id`, `Architecture`.`comment_count`, `Architecture`.`image_count`, `Architecture`.`views`, `Architecture`.`views_last_day`, `Architecture`.`views_last_week`, `Architecture`.`views_last_month`, `Architecture`.`last_viewed`, `Architecture`.`likes`, `Architecture`.`nonlikes`, `Architecture`.`created`, `Architecture`.`modified`, `Architecture`.`title`, `Architecture`.`slug`, `Architecture`.`html_description`, `Architecture`.`also_known_as`, `Architecture`.`address`, `Architecture`.`city`, `Architecture`.`state`, `Architecture`.`country_id`, `Architecture`.`zip`, `Architecture`.`lat`, `Architecture`.`lng`, `Architecture`.`area`, `Architecture`.`team`, `Architecture`.`partners`, `Architecture`.`client`, `Architecture`.`client_website`, `Architecture`.`company`, `Architecture`.`cost`, `Architecture`.`cost_currency`, `Architecture`.`architecture_type_id`, `Architecture`.`architecture_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_type_id`, `Architecture`.`structural_engineers`, `Architecture`.`service_engineers`, `Architecture`.`site_supervision`, `Architecture`.`project_management`, `Architecture`.`start_date`, `Architecture`.`end_date`, `Architecture`.`movements`, `Architecture`.`materials`, `Architecture`.`tags`, `Architecture`.`is_featured`, `Architecture`.`last_featured_on`, `Architecture`.`description`, `Architecture`.`start_year`, `Architecture`.`start_month`, `Architecture`.`start_day`, `Architecture`.`end_year`, `Architecture`.`end_month`, `Architecture`.`end_day`, `Architecture`.`texts`, `Architecture`.`links`, `Architecture`.`website`, `Architecture`.`deleted`, `Architecture`.`deleted_date`, `Architecture`.`is_incomplete`, `Architecture`.`incomplete_date`, `ArchitectureType`.`id`, `ArchitectureType`.`title`, `ArchitectureCondition`.`title`, `Country`.`name` FROM `architectures` AS `Architecture` LEFT JOIN `architecture_types` AS `ArchitectureType` ON (`Architecture`.`architecture_type_id` = `ArchitectureType`.`id`) LEFT JOIN `architecture_conditions` AS `ArchitectureCondition` ON (`Architecture`.`architecture_condition_id` = `ArchitectureCondition`.`id`) LEFT JOIN `countries` AS `Country` ON (`Architecture`.`country_id` = `Country`.`id`) WHERE `Architecture`.`slug` = 'bunkers-in-albania' AND `Architecture`.`deleted` = 0 LIMIT 1

SELECT `ArchitectureType`.`id`, `ArchitectureType`.`title` FROM `architecture_types` AS `ArchitectureType` WHERE `ArchitectureType`.`id` = '4b463ec8-65bc-4284-8370-0acfb372233b'

SELECT `Country`.`name` FROM `countries` AS `Country` WHERE `Country`.`id` = '4936948b-2448-4b9c-9fe1-4ebf1030b5da'

SELECT `Source`.`title`, `Source`.`link`, `Source`.`foreign_id` FROM `sources` AS `Source` WHERE `Source`.`foreign_id` = ('5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b')

SELECT `ArchitecturePartner`.`id`, `ArchitecturePartner`.`architecture_id`, `ArchitecturePartner`.`name`, `ArchitecturePartner`.`website`, `ArchitecturePartner`.`partner_role_id`, `ArchitecturePartner`.`created` FROM `architecture_partners` AS `ArchitecturePartner` WHERE `ArchitecturePartner`.`architecture_id` = ('5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b')

SELECT `Tag`.`slug`, `Tag`.`name`, `ArchitecturesTag`.`id`, `ArchitecturesTag`.`architecture_id`, `ArchitecturesTag`.`tag_id`, `ArchitecturesTag`.`old_id`, `ArchitecturesTag`.`old_building_id`, `ArchitecturesTag`.`old_tag_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` JOIN `architectures_tags` AS `ArchitecturesTag` ON (`ArchitecturesTag`.`architecture_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' AND `ArchitecturesTag`.`tag_id` = `Tag`.`id`)

SELECT `Architect`.`title`, `Architect`.`slug`, `ArchitectsArchitecture`.`id`, `ArchitectsArchitecture`.`architect_id`, `ArchitectsArchitecture`.`architecture_id`, `ArchitectsArchitecture`.`_order`, `ArchitectsArchitecture`.`created` FROM `architects` AS `Architect` JOIN `architects_architectures` AS `ArchitectsArchitecture` ON (`ArchitectsArchitecture`.`architecture_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' AND `ArchitectsArchitecture`.`architect_id` = `Architect`.`id`)

SELECT `Image`.`id`, `Image`.`aiid`, `Image`.`user_id`, `Image`.`model`, `Image`.`foreign_id`, `Image`.`description`, `Image`.`author`, `Image`.`license`, `Image`.`source_name`, `Image`.`source_link`, `Image`.`orig_url`, `Image`.`lg_url`, `Image`.`bg_url`, `Image`.`md_url`, `Image`.`sm_url`, `Image`.`th_url`, `Image`.`is_cropped`, `Image`.`orig_width`, `Image`.`orig_height`, `Image`.`_order`, `Image`.`modified`, `Image`.`created`, `User`.`id`, `User`.`username`, `User`.`slug`, `User`.`fname`, `User`.`lname`, `User`.`verified`, `User`.`top_list_count`, `User`.`comment_count`, `User`.`old_id`, `User`.`created`, `User`.`modified`, `User`.`name`, `User`.`password`, `User`.`password_hash_version`, `User`.`old_password_hash`, `User`.`role_id`, `User`.`login`, `User`.`active`, `User`.`gender`, `User`.`profile_visit_count`, `User`.`country_id`, `User`.`state_id`, `User`.`background`, `User`.`profession`, `User`.`photo_url`, `User`.`sm_photo_url`, `User`.`architecture_count`, `User`.`architect_count`, `User`.`activation_reminded`, `User`.`website`, `User`.`facebook`, `User`.`twitter`, `User`.`archived`, `User`.`last_login`, `User`.`cancelled`, `User`.`comment_notification`, `User`.`watch_notification`, `User`.`collection_notification` FROM `images` AS `Image` LEFT JOIN `users` AS `User` ON (`Image`.`user_id` = `User`.`id`) WHERE `foreign_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' ORDER BY `Image`.`_order` asc, `Image`.`created` asc

SELECT `Version`.`id`, `Version`.`version_id`, `Version`.`user_id`, `Version`.`model`, `Version`.`foreign_id`, `Version`.`result`, `Version`.`comment`, `Version`.`created` FROM `versions` AS `Version` WHERE `Version`.`foreign_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' ORDER BY `Version`.`version_id` desc LIMIT 1

SELECT `Version`.`id`, `Version`.`version_id`, `Version`.`user_id`, `Version`.`model`, `Version`.`foreign_id`, `Version`.`result`, `Version`.`comment`, `Version`.`created`, `User`.`username`, `User`.`slug` FROM `versions` AS `Version` LEFT JOIN `users` AS `User` ON (`Version`.`user_id` = `User`.`id`) WHERE `Version`.`foreign_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' AND `Version`.`version_id` = 18 LIMIT 1

SELECT `Article`.`id`, `Article`.`aiid`, `Article`.`foreign_id`, `Article`.`model`, `Article`.`title`, `Article`.`clean_title`, `Article`.`also_known_as`, `Article`.`clean_also_known_as`, `Article`.`architects`, `Article`.`clean_architects`, `Article`.`description`, `Article`.`tags`, `Article`.`location`, `Article`.`is_featured`, `Article`.`views`, `Article`.`views_last_day`, `Article`.`views_last_week`, `Article`.`views_last_month`, `Article`.`last_viewed`, `Article`.`created`, `Article`.`modified`, `Article`.`deleted`, `Architecture`.`id`, `Architecture`.`user_id`, `Architecture`.`old_id`, `Architecture`.`old_architect_id`, `Architecture`.`comment_count`, `Architecture`.`image_count`, `Architecture`.`views`, `Architecture`.`views_last_day`, `Architecture`.`views_last_week`, `Architecture`.`views_last_month`, `Architecture`.`last_viewed`, `Architecture`.`likes`, `Architecture`.`nonlikes`, `Architecture`.`created`, `Architecture`.`modified`, `Architecture`.`title`, `Architecture`.`slug`, `Architecture`.`html_description`, `Architecture`.`also_known_as`, `Architecture`.`address`, `Architecture`.`city`, `Architecture`.`state`, `Architecture`.`country_id`, `Architecture`.`zip`, `Architecture`.`lat`, `Architecture`.`lng`, `Architecture`.`area`, `Architecture`.`team`, `Architecture`.`partners`, `Architecture`.`client`, `Architecture`.`client_website`, `Architecture`.`company`, `Architecture`.`cost`, `Architecture`.`cost_currency`, `Architecture`.`architecture_type_id`, `Architecture`.`architecture_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_type_id`, `Architecture`.`structural_engineers`, `Architecture`.`service_engineers`, `Architecture`.`site_supervision`, `Architecture`.`project_management`, `Architecture`.`start_date`, `Architecture`.`end_date`, `Architecture`.`movements`, `Architecture`.`materials`, `Architecture`.`tags`, `Architecture`.`is_featured`, `Architecture`.`last_featured_on`, `Architecture`.`description`, `Architecture`.`start_year`, `Architecture`.`start_month`, `Architecture`.`start_day`, `Architecture`.`end_year`, `Architecture`.`end_month`, `Architecture`.`end_day`, `Architecture`.`texts`, `Architecture`.`links`, `Architecture`.`website`, `Architecture`.`deleted`, `Architecture`.`deleted_date`, `Architecture`.`is_incomplete`, `Architecture`.`incomplete_date` FROM `articles` AS `Article` LEFT JOIN `architectures` AS `Architecture` ON (`Article`.`foreign_id` = `Architecture`.`id`) WHERE `Article`.`foreign_id` <> '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' AND `Article`.`deleted` = 0 AND `Architecture`.`description` <> '' AND `Architecture`.`tags` <> '' AND `Architecture`.`image_count` > 0 AND ((`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'bunkers') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, bunkers') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, bunkers, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'bunkers, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'concrete') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, concrete') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, concrete, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'concrete, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'territory') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, territory') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, territory, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'territory, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'abandoned') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, abandoned') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, abandoned, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'abandoned, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'transformed') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, transformed') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, transformed, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'transformed, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'FOMA') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, FOMA') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, FOMA, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'FOMA, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'Forgotten Masterpieces') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, Forgotten Masterpieces') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE '%, Forgotten Masterpieces, %') OR (`Article`.`tags` LIKE 'Forgotten Masterpieces, %')) ORDER BY Rand() ASC LIMIT 2

SELECT `Architecture`.`id`, `Architecture`.`user_id`, `Architecture`.`old_id`, `Architecture`.`old_architect_id`, `Architecture`.`comment_count`, `Architecture`.`image_count`, `Architecture`.`views`, `Architecture`.`views_last_day`, `Architecture`.`views_last_week`, `Architecture`.`views_last_month`, `Architecture`.`last_viewed`, `Architecture`.`likes`, `Architecture`.`nonlikes`, `Architecture`.`created`, `Architecture`.`modified`, `Architecture`.`title`, `Architecture`.`slug`, `Architecture`.`html_description`, `Architecture`.`also_known_as`, `Architecture`.`address`, `Architecture`.`city`, `Architecture`.`state`, `Architecture`.`country_id`, `Architecture`.`zip`, `Architecture`.`lat`, `Architecture`.`lng`, `Architecture`.`area`, `Architecture`.`team`, `Architecture`.`partners`, `Architecture`.`client`, `Architecture`.`client_website`, `Architecture`.`company`, `Architecture`.`cost`, `Architecture`.`cost_currency`, `Architecture`.`architecture_type_id`, `Architecture`.`architecture_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_type_id`, `Architecture`.`structural_engineers`, `Architecture`.`service_engineers`, `Architecture`.`site_supervision`, `Architecture`.`project_management`, `Architecture`.`start_date`, `Architecture`.`end_date`, `Architecture`.`movements`, `Architecture`.`materials`, `Architecture`.`tags`, `Architecture`.`is_featured`, `Architecture`.`last_featured_on`, `Architecture`.`description`, `Architecture`.`start_year`, `Architecture`.`start_month`, `Architecture`.`start_day`, `Architecture`.`end_year`, `Architecture`.`end_month`, `Architecture`.`end_day`, `Architecture`.`texts`, `Architecture`.`links`, `Architecture`.`website`, `Architecture`.`deleted`, `Architecture`.`deleted_date`, `Architecture`.`is_incomplete`, `Architecture`.`incomplete_date` FROM `architectures` AS `Architecture` WHERE `Architecture`.`id` = '538841bc-50b0-48f1-9d43-54a16d7b5e1b'

SELECT `Architecture`.`id`, `Architecture`.`user_id`, `Architecture`.`old_id`, `Architecture`.`old_architect_id`, `Architecture`.`comment_count`, `Architecture`.`image_count`, `Architecture`.`views`, `Architecture`.`views_last_day`, `Architecture`.`views_last_week`, `Architecture`.`views_last_month`, `Architecture`.`last_viewed`, `Architecture`.`likes`, `Architecture`.`nonlikes`, `Architecture`.`created`, `Architecture`.`modified`, `Architecture`.`title`, `Architecture`.`slug`, `Architecture`.`html_description`, `Architecture`.`also_known_as`, `Architecture`.`address`, `Architecture`.`city`, `Architecture`.`state`, `Architecture`.`country_id`, `Architecture`.`zip`, `Architecture`.`lat`, `Architecture`.`lng`, `Architecture`.`area`, `Architecture`.`team`, `Architecture`.`partners`, `Architecture`.`client`, `Architecture`.`client_website`, `Architecture`.`company`, `Architecture`.`cost`, `Architecture`.`cost_currency`, `Architecture`.`architecture_type_id`, `Architecture`.`architecture_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_condition_id`, `Architecture`.`old_building_type_id`, `Architecture`.`structural_engineers`, `Architecture`.`service_engineers`, `Architecture`.`site_supervision`, `Architecture`.`project_management`, `Architecture`.`start_date`, `Architecture`.`end_date`, `Architecture`.`movements`, `Architecture`.`materials`, `Architecture`.`tags`, `Architecture`.`is_featured`, `Architecture`.`last_featured_on`, `Architecture`.`description`, `Architecture`.`start_year`, `Architecture`.`start_month`, `Architecture`.`start_day`, `Architecture`.`end_year`, `Architecture`.`end_month`, `Architecture`.`end_day`, `Architecture`.`texts`, `Architecture`.`links`, `Architecture`.`website`, `Architecture`.`deleted`, `Architecture`.`deleted_date`, `Architecture`.`is_incomplete`, `Architecture`.`incomplete_date` FROM `architectures` AS `Architecture` WHERE `Architecture`.`id` = '570b921e-b988-4e6e-aa2f-38546d7b5e1b'

SELECT DISTINCT CommentsUser.comment_id, CommentsUser.parent_id, Comment.body, Comment.last_message_id, `Comment`.`id` FROM `comments_users` AS `CommentsUser` LEFT JOIN `comments` AS `Comment` ON (`CommentsUser`.`comment_id` = `Comment`.`id`) WHERE `CommentsUser`.`foreign_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' ORDER BY `Comment`.`id` desc

SELECT COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `architectures` AS `Architecture` WHERE `Architecture`.`id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b'

UPDATE `architectures` SET `id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b', `views` = 647, `views_last_day` = 98, `views_last_week` = 103, `views_last_month` = 111, `last_viewed` = '2019-09-15 10:38:35', `modified` = '2019-05-17 03:42:07' WHERE `architectures`.`id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b'

SELECT `Architecture`.`user_id` FROM `architectures` AS `Architecture` WHERE `Architecture`.`id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b' AND `Architecture`.`deleted` <> 1 LIMIT 1

SELECT COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `architectures` AS `Architecture` WHERE `Architecture`.`user_id` = '5c470c8a-4608-4ef6-b900-3f736d7b5e1b' AND `Architecture`.`deleted` <> 1

UPDATE `users` AS `User` LEFT JOIN `roles` AS `Role` ON (`User`.`role_id` = `Role`.`id`) LEFT JOIN `countries` AS `Country` ON (`User`.`country_id` = `Country`.`id`) LEFT JOIN `states` AS `State` ON (`User`.`state_id` = `State`.`id`) SET `User`.`architecture_count` = 6 WHERE `User`.`id` = '5c470c8a-4608-4ef6-b900-3f736d7b5e1b'

UPDATE `articles` AS `Article` LEFT JOIN `architects` AS `Architect` ON (`Article`.`foreign_id` = `Architect`.`id`) LEFT JOIN `architectures` AS `Architecture` ON (`Article`.`foreign_id` = `Architecture`.`id`) SET `Article`.`views` = "647", `Article`.`views_last_day` = "98", `Article`.`views_last_week` = "103", `Article`.`views_last_month` = "111", `Article`.`last_viewed` = "2019-09-15 10:38:36" WHERE `foreign_id` = '5c8bf19b-6cec-4292-ba75-73eb6d7b5e1b'

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