Henrieta Delavrancea (1897-1987) was a Romanian architect and one of the first female architects admitted to the Superior School of Architecture in Bucharest, but because of the suspension of her classes during World War I, she was not the first female to graduate. She was one of the most known women architects in Romania and a significant contributor to the modernist school of Romanian architecture, until state-controlled design in the communist era curtailed individuality.

Biography

Henrieta Delavrancea was born on 19 October 1897 in Bucharest, Romania to Maria Lupascu and Barbu Stefanescu Delavrancea. Because her family was from the upper levels of society and her father was both a politician and a literary figure, Delavrancea grew up surrounded by noted members of Romanian society. One of those early mentors was Ion Mincu, one of the most known Romanian architects and proponents of preservation of the nationalist identity for architecture. In 1913, she enrolled in the Superior School of Architecture, in a class of twenty, with only one other woman, Marioara Ioanovici. Though she was one of the first women admitted, she suspended her studies in 1916 because of the war. During World War I, she served as a nurse and married Emile Gibory in 1918. They lived briefly in Paris and then moved to the mountains, living in Nehoiu. After two years, they moved to the area of Penteleu, Romania, but in 1924, Delavrancea decided to return to her studies. In the 1926-1927 term, she graduated with her diploma and claimed afterward to be the fourth female architect of the country after "Ada Zaganescu, Virginia Andreescu and Mimi Friedman". This may or may not be accurate as the Romanian Architects Society, showed six female registrants in 1924: Maria Cotescu, Irineu Maria Friedman, Virginia Andreescu Haret, Maria Hogas, Antonetta Ioanovici and Ada Zaganescu.

Architecture

Delavrancea designed her first home, called the "German House" in 1921 before she finished school while living in Nehoiu. She also might have confused the names, as Zaganescu studied privately with Ion Mincu and is acknowledged as the first practicing female architect, Andreescu-Haret is recognized as the first graduate of the Superior school in 1919 and the first registered female architect, and Cotescu graduated from the High School of Architecture in Bucharest in 1922.

Her next project was her own home on Mihai Eminescu Street, which she designed in 1925. Delavrancea designed many private and public buildings, among them 22 seaside houses in Balcic including homes for General Gheorghe Rasoviceanu where Gheorghe Petrascu painted between 1934 and 1935, Mircea Cancicov, Ion Pillat and Eliza Bratianu. She also designed a renovation to the City Hall, the Pavilion of the Border Guards, and the Tea Pavilion at the Balchik Palace, designed for Queen Marie of Romania. She built 28 Villas throughout the country; 5 churches, including the renovation of the New St. George Church in Bucharest; the Snagov Palace for Prince Nicholas; worked on at least three health facilities-the Institutul Clinic Fundeni on the outskirts of Bucharest, the Filantropia Hospital and the Headquarters of the Hygiene and Public Health Institute; the Capitol Cinema in Bucharest; the French Consulate in Bucharest; the Prefecture Office in Oravita and many others.

Delavrancea was one of the most known women architects in Romania and a significant contributor to the modernist movement. Her style influenced the "Romanian school" of modern architecture by taking traditional forms and local motifs and reinterpreting them in functional, modern design. In her Balcic houses, she used stone masonry to mimic the rocky coastline and often featured projecting cornices and large parapets to offer contrast. Because of the unique foundation requirements of building on the coast, she employed corbelling and consoling techniques for support. After World War II, she worked on rehabilitation and preservation projects. During the communist era, she worked for 19 years on the design team of the Ministry of Health, as private practice was banned and design was controlled by the state until 1989.

Delavrancea-Gibory, died on 26 March 1987 in Bucharest. Several exhibitions featuring her work have been held since her death. In 2011, a book entitled Henrieta Delavrancea Gibory arhitectura 1930-1940 edited by Militza Sion featured drawings and buildings by Delavrancea-Gibory.